| Siim Kallas | Presentation in the Riigikogu at the 1st Reading of the Draft State Budget Act 2000 |
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| Kalle Jürgenson | State Budget 2000, What and Why? |
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| Olev Raju | Commentaries on the State Budget 2000 |
| Madis Võõras | Estonia on the Way to Full Membership of the European Space Agency |
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| Ene Ergma | Estonia Has Become a Space State |
| Urve Läänemets | A Good Teacher Should Be Ready to Learn Also from the Pupils |
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| Külli Eichenbaum | Using the Local Peculiarities of Old Võromaa |
Estonia’s tax system was established in 1994. Its salient features are simplicity and emphasis on economic growth, and it includes few exceptions. In 2019, the general tax burden in Estonia was 33.1% of the GDP (EUR 9.4 billion). Compared to countries around the world, our tax burden places us in the upper quarter; however, in the European context, we are in the lower quarter.
Health care is funded from a variety of taxes, and cost-sharing contributions from the beneficiaries themselves. Taxes and cost-sharing contributions have different impacts on individual incomes and opportunities for consumption. This analysis calculates the cumulative result of the inequality that is inherent in health care financing.
* Peer-reviewed article.
In Estonia, there are several areas of concern relating to health that require the improvement of healthcare, at the same time, however, changes in the behaviour of people towards the emergence of a healthier self is even more important.
Over the last decade, life expectancy in Estonia has grown faster than the EU average. At the same time, the increase in healthy life years has ground to a halt. This means that although people live longer, illnesses and health related causes limit their participation on the labour market and increase the health care costs for the state.
This article presents the main results if an integrated long-term employment and population projection for Estonia until the end of the 21st century.
During the last two decades, several important reforms have been carried out in the Estonian pension system.
*Peer-reviewed article
**This article is a shortened Estonian version of an article in English: Võrk, A., Piirits, M., Jõgi, E. (2015). “The Impact of Introduction of Funded Pension Schemes on Intragenerational Inequality in Estonia: a Cohort Microsimulation Analysis”. Longer Estonian version can be read in the blog of Praxis Center for Policy Studies (http://mottehommik.praxis.ee/). The English version of the article is connected with the MOPACT (Mobilising Potential Active Aging) project, which was fianced from
Over the last 15 year, the pension system in Estonia has undergone multiple reforms, such as the introduction of the social tax dependent 1st pillar, the introduction of the 2nd and 3rd pillars, or the raising of the retirement age. Every reform leads to changes for the beneficiaries of the system. The changes similarly affect the pension system where reforms have caused changes both within the confines of one generation and between generations. This article focuses on the inter-generation effects of the pension system and is a brief summary of a 2014 Master's thesis from the University of Tartu.
*Peer reviewed research paper.
